qemu+docker的跨平台镜像构建与容器运行

构建跨平台的镜像

支持如下平台

• x86-64 (linux/amd64​,linux/i386​)
• ARM architectures (linux/arm/v5​, linux/arm/v6​, linux/arm/v7​, linux/arm64​)
• PowerPC and IBM Z (linux/ppc64le​, linux/s390x​)

安装依赖

如果您在没有Docker Desktop的Linux上运行Docker Engine，则必须安装静态编译的QEMU二进制文件并将其注册到binfmt_misc​ 。这使QEMU能够执行非本机文件格式进行仿真。

# 目前发现不需要执行
docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install all

开始构建

docker build --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 .

使用qemu进行arm64平台镜像运行

步骤

1. 使用multiarch/qemu-user-static​进行配置跨平台运行的环境

   docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
   
   # 输出如下
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-alpha-static as binfmt interpreter for alpha
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static as binfmt interpreter for arm
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-armeb-static as binfmt interpreter for armeb
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-sparc-static as binfmt interpreter for sparc
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-sparc32plus-static as binfmt interpreter for sparc32plus
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-sparc64-static as binfmt interpreter for sparc64
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-ppc-static as binfmt interpreter for ppc
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-ppc64-static as binfmt interpreter for ppc64
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-ppc64le-static as binfmt interpreter for ppc64le
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-m68k-static as binfmt interpreter for m68k
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-mips-static as binfmt interpreter for mips
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-mipsel-static as binfmt interpreter for mipsel
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-mipsn32-static as binfmt interpreter for mipsn32
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-mipsn32el-static as binfmt interpreter for mipsn32el
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-mips64-static as binfmt interpreter for mips64
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-mips64el-static as binfmt interpreter for mips64el
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-sh4-static as binfmt interpreter for sh4
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-sh4eb-static as binfmt interpreter for sh4eb
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-s390x-static as binfmt interpreter for s390x
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static as binfmt interpreter for aarch64
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64_be-static as binfmt interpreter for aarch64_be
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-hppa-static as binfmt interpreter for hppa
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-riscv32-static as binfmt interpreter for riscv32
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-riscv64-static as binfmt interpreter for riscv64
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-xtensa-static as binfmt interpreter for xtensa
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-xtensaeb-static as binfmt interpreter for xtensaeb
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-microblaze-static as binfmt interpreter for microblaze
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-microblazeel-static as binfmt interpreter for microblazeel
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-or1k-static as binfmt interpreter for or1k
   #Setting /usr/bin/qemu-hexagon-static as binfmt interpreter for hexagon
   

   此时会拉取multiarch/qemu-user-static​镜像，随后运行容器镜像操作，容器在运行结束后会自行销毁

2. 创建我们需要运行的镜像，有两种方式：

   • 运行通用平台镜像，指定目标平台（推荐使用这种方式），会自动根据指定平台下载对应平台的镜像

     docker run --rm \
             --platform arm64  \
             -v /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static:/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static \
             ubuntu:focal uname -m
     # 相当于拉取了arm64/ubuntu:focal
     # 输出
     #aarch64
     

   • 直接运行目标平台的镜像

     docker run --rm -t arm64v8/ubuntu --platform arm64 uname -m
     
     # 输出。可能会有警告，但是结果应该一致，我省略了警告
     #aarch64
     

参考资料

官方文档：Multi-platform images

x86 平台利用 qemu-user-static 实现 arm64 平台 docker 镜像的运行和构建